Thymulin References

About this list

These are the primary sources behind the thymulin digest — peer-reviewed journal articles and reviews indexed in PubMed. The chemistry papers (Dardenne 1982, Dardenne 1994) and the human zinc-deficiency study (Prasad 1988) anchor the established findings; the model-based work (Novoselova 2014, da Silva 2020, the Lunin EAE studies) and the 1980s human-trial record (the open FTS-Zn trial and the controlled nonathymulin trials) are cited exactly where they appear in the text. Numbers match the inline markers throughout the site.

How to weigh these entries

Not all of these clippings carry the same weight, and it helps to read the list with that in mind. The strongest are the mechanism studies and the human zinc-deficiency work: a remove-and-restore zinc experiment ^[1], a conformation-and-zinc-status review ^[2], and a controlled human zinc-deficiency study ^[3]. Those are the load-bearing parts of the record.

The disease-model entries — the LPS-inflammation, EAE, asthma-gene-therapy, diabetes, radioprotection and steroidogenesis studies — are real and often striking, but they live in mice, swine, or cultured cells, and we cite them as such ^{[6][7][9][10][11][13]}. The human-trial entries are the oldest and thinnest: a small open trial of FTS-Zn ^[8] and two placebo-controlled trials of the analog nonathymulin ^[14], plus an in-vitro patient-cell study ^[12]. Reviews ^[4][5] are useful syntheses but are not themselves primary data. Read each entry for what it is, follow the link, and check the species before you trust the headline.